José Ngola Carlos
Artigo ‘Paulo Freire e as dimensões da prática educativa’
às 10:56 AM
Este texto é uma resenha científica que tem como objetivos: ‘1. Apresentar, sucintamente, a visão geral da obra Pedagogía de la Toleracia de Paulo Freire e 2. Analisar a pertinência da classificação que Freire faz sobre as quatro dimensões da prática educativa.
A Pedagogía de la Toleracia é uma obra póstuma de Paulo Freire e resulta da compilação dos escritos do autor por sua segunda esposa, Ana Maria Araújo Freire, ou simplesmente Nita. Publicado em Espanhol em 2006, pelo CREFAL, Centro de Cooperación Regional para la Educación de Adultos en América Latina y el Caribe, o livro contém 337 páginas e encontra-se dividido em 8 partes que se subdividem em partes menores.
Conforme anunciado pelo título da obra, o livro trata, fundamentalmente, da concepção, ontologia e axiologia no exercício da tolerância como uma necessidade na relação entre sujeitos diferentes que se encontram no mundo e com o mundo.
Paulo Freire percebe que a tolerância pode ser concebida sob duas perspectivas:
- Tolerância sob a perspectiva vertical e
- Tolerância sob a perspectiva horizontal.
Para o autor, sob a perspectiva vertical, a tolerância se apresenta como um favor que, na relação de sujeitos, um se entende superior ao outro e tolera o inferior, na sua convivência com ele. Pelo que, a tolerância vertical é caracteristicamente antidialógica e desrespeita o direito de outros de assumirem uma posição diferente daqueles que se julgam estar com a verdade, mas que precisam se condescender da posição de outrem.
A perspectiva horizontal da tolerância considera que o mundo faz-se na diferença, uma diferença que precisa dialogar, sem hegemonias, com as outras diferenças para que haja melhoria no modo de pensar, estar, ser e agir. Assim, sob este prisma, a tolerância é caracterizada pela abertura mental dos envolvidos em compreender o outro e com ele saber conviver, sem a imposição vertical de uma verdade unilateral.
Conforme anunciado na parte introdutória desta resenha, Paulo Freire não limita a sua abordagem, no livro em análise, a um estudo exaustivo da tolerância, dentre vários assuntos, Freire também apresenta a sua classificação sumária das dimensões da prática educativa. Para o autor, são 4 as dimensões:
- Dimensão gnosiológica
- Dimensão estética
- Dimensão ética e
- Dimensão política
Literalmente, a palavra gnosiologia pode ser dividida em duas partes: gnose + logia, sendo, contudo, gnose a referência ao conhecimento e logia, estudo ou teoria. Pelo que, é possível definir gnosiologia como sendo a teoria do conhecimento. Desta forma, a dimensão gnosiológica da prática educativa lida com o fato de que não há educação sem a presença de um OBJETO e sujeitos que se educam. Para a prática educativa é indispensável que os envolvidos se eduquem mediante certo conhecimento. Assim, é somente razoável a observação de que, para educar, é preciso algum domínio do saber mediante o qual o ato educativo acontecerá.
A estética lida com a compreensão e definição do belo. Conforme sublinha Paulo Freire, educar também é arte e o educador ou a educadora são artistas que, junto do educando, se ariscam com curiosidade, responsabilidade, amor, esperança e criatividade no processo de lapidar e se deixar lapidar. Assim, a dimensão estética diz respeito ao COMO apaixonada e entusiasticamente os envolvidos no processo educativo deverão comportar-se para que o próprio ato em si não seja enfadonho e os objetivos não sejam concretizados. Afinal, como diz o autor, uma sala de aula sem emoção, sem alegria, inviabiliza o projeto didático-pedagógico.
Junto da dimensão estética anda a dimensão ética, que também lida com o COMO deve ocorrer o processo educativo. Porém, diferente da estética que se interessa pela beleza do ato didático, a ética lida com a coerência entre o que se assume ser e o que se mostra ser. A dimensão ética da prática educativa preocupa-se também com o exercício dos valores morais comprovadamente corretos.
Por fim, Freire aborda a dimensão política do ato educativo. Para o autor, todo agente educativo é um agente político e todo político é um educador. Não é possível dicotomizar a política da educação e a educação da política, ambas andam sempre juntas. Possuir, a educação, uma dimensão política, significa que toda prática educativa pressupõe a existência de um ideal e da sua consequente concretização. Sendo que a educação não acontece em um vácuo ideológico, existe sempre uma diretividade anunciada, ou não, no ato educativo. Esta diretividade, não raro, denuncia a favor de quem e contra quem se educa, ante aquela ideologia que serve de objeto de educação.
Dada a pertinência do livro, o autor desta resenha o recomenda veementemente!
José Ngola Carlos, Msc.
Malanje, 13 de dezembro de 2025
Como citar este artigo:
Carlos, J. N. (2025:12). Paulo Freire e as Dimensões da Prática Educativa. Brasil: Jornal Cultural ROL.
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Natural de Luanda (Angola) e morando atualmente em Malanje (Angola), mais conhecido no meio literário como Kamuenho Ngululia, é Doutorando em Educação na especialidade de Avaliação de Centros e Professores pela Universidade Internacional Ibero-americana (UNINI), Mestre em Educação na especialidade de Organização e Gestão de Centros Educacionais pela Universidade Europeia do Atlântico (UNEATLÂNTICO), Licenciado em Língua e Literaturas em Língua Inglesa pela Universidade António Agostinho Neto (UAN) e Professor de Língua Inglesa no Liceu 42 – 4 de Janeiro, Malanje.
Desde o momento em que assume que há um Professor, a hierarquia é inevitável. E não se trata apenas de capricho do ente A ou do B. Afinal, sempre deve existir alguém a orientar outros.
É verdade que deva existir alguma estética no ato educativo, mas para mim, o mais importante mesmo é que o aprendiz seja capaz de usar o que aprendeu em situações que necessárias. Pois, de nada Valéria uma educação que foi adquirida com esmero, num ambiente descontraído e cativante, mas sem poder ser de utilidade e atender as reais necessidades do homem.
Ética… naturalmente…
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