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Ciência, Técnica e Filosofia, um trinómio inseparável

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Diamantino Lourenço Rodrigues de Bártolo

‘Ciência, Técnica e Filosofia, um trinómio inseparável’

Diamantino Bártolo
Diamantino Bártolo
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Há quem defenda que: «A Filosofia estuda-se como outra matéria qualquer, com algum esforço, algum prazer, alguma disciplina. A organização do estudo é fundamental para que os conhecimentos não apareçam dispersos, desligados uns dos outros e, sobretudo, de nós próprios. Só uma boa organização do estudo permite uma boa compreensão e assimilação do que pretendemos. (…) A Filosofia não tem o monopólio destas ou daquelas ideias, embora exista um modo filosófico de as expressar. » (TAVARES & FERRO, 1983:25).

Temos visto, quão complexa é a Filosofia, face a outras áreas disciplinares, nomeadamente, se compararmos com as ciências exatas. De facto, a “máquina humana” é, ainda hoje, um labirinto de incógnitas, pese, embora, o esforço das várias ciências humanas, cada uma com o (s) seu (s) objeto (s) de estudo, metodologias e estratégias, mas, à Filosofia, contudo, não é fácil determinar tal objeto, pelas seguintes causas:

«a) O seu objecto especial nas actividades humanas, entre as que são resultado tanto da arte como das da ciência, ou se se prefere, entre as artes e as ciências; b) A sua própria evolução histórica que a levou, e ainda continua a levar, algumas vezes a procurar a sua definição eliminando quanto não é ela, evolução que provoca periodicamente uma crise (real ou artificial, segundo o mal do tempo) da sua consciência autónoma; c) Uma discussão que já vem de longo tempo entre os filósofos no seu conjunto, e os especialistas das regras da acção humana, quer estes sejam filósofos ou não, mas em nome da moral (religiosa ou não) da política, ou de qualquer Teoria do Comportamento.» (LEGRAND, 1983:176).

Por tudo o que fica analisado, não será difícil aceitar que o filósofo, ao contrário de outros intervenientes no processo humano, tem, e terá sempre, o seu trabalho dificultado e inacabado. Tradicionalmente, aliamos à noção de ciência, o conceito de conhecimento e, nesta perspectiva, analisamos, também, as diversas maneiras de compreender o mundo destacando-se aqui os níveis clássicos: conhecimento espontâneo ou senso comum, e o conhecimento científico, entendendo-se que este é uma vitória recente da humanidade, tendo surgido no século XVII, com as Revoluções “Copernicana” e “Galeliana”. 

Se é certo que: no pensamento grego, a Filosofia e a ciência integravam uma única árvore do saber; igualmente é verdade que já na idade Moderna, a separação também se consumaria, buscando cada uma delas – Filosofia e Ciência – o seu percurso concreto, o seu método, o seu objeto, aliás, a ciência moderna surge ao determinar um objetivo específico de investigação, e ao adotar um método, através do qual se controlará o conhecimento. 

O recurso a métodos rigorosos, possibilita que a ciência atinja um tipo de conhecimento sistemático, metodológico, preciso, objetivo e reversível, pelo qual se descobrem relações universais e necessárias entre os fenómenos, permitindo prever acontecimentos, e atuar da forma mais eficaz.

Ciência, Técnica e Filosofia, constituem, portanto, um trinómio que deve ser inseparável, não se devendo tentar sobrevalorizar um, em detrimento dos outros, porque eles constituem, apenas, uma parte dos conhecimentos e práticas que caracterizam a Humanidade, sendo certo que: enquanto assim não se proceder, o mundo não terá paz; as desigualdades entre as pessoas aumentarão; até ao dia em que uma esmagadora maioria de excluídos, se revoltará e tomará conta dos destinos de todos. 

BIBLIOGRAFIA

LEGRAND, Gerard (Dir.), (1983). Dicionário de Filosofia, Tradução, Armando J. Rodrigues e João Gama, Lisboa: Edições 70.

TAVARES, Manuel & FERRO, Mário, (1983). Guia do Estudante de Filosofia. 4a Ed. Lisboa: Editorial Presença.

Venade/Caminha – Portugal, 2026

Diamantino Lourenço Rodrigues de Bártolo

Presidente HONORÁRIO do Núcleo Académico de Letras e Artes de Portugal

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