Renata Barcellos: ‘Professor: profissão perigo?
Desde o início deste ano letivo, tenho presenciado professores ‘desabafando’ em reuniões, intervalos… E o mais preocupante: todos os relatos são de capacitados e centrados. As queixas? Turmas numerosas, desinteresse dos alunos, desrespeito… Ao ouvi-los, veio-me à cabeça um fragmento desta música de Beth Carvalho cantada há décadas:
“Como será amanhã?
Responda quem puder
O que irá me acontecer?
O meu destino será como Deus quiser”.
Esta estrofe sintetiza a inquietação e indignação de muitos docentes como eu. Atuo na área da educação desde 92 e nunca vivi e presenciei tamanho caos. Os fatores são diversos como desinteresse, desrespeito, agressões, assédio, má formação profissional …A quem culpar? Ao método de ensino do professor apenas ? Cruel isso, não!?
Desafio o leitor a entrar em uma sala de aula sem estrutura física e/ou sem recursos com 50 alunos e, dentre estes, muitos com autismo, TDH… e conseguir ministrar uma aula motivadora. Em tempos de celular, de aplicativos variados … como concorrer com a tecnologia? Fomos orientados para utilizar ferramentas tecnológicas em aula? A escola e os responsáveis estão preparados para lidar com novas formas de construção de conhecimento? Em tempo, ainda hoje quando se propõe uma aula externa, persiste em considerar isso como passeio. Você, leitor, quais são suas recordações em tempo de escola? Com certeza, uma delas foram as atividades fora dos muros escolares. Recordo-me de todas as aulas externas como aluna ou professora. Experiências enriquecedoras e inesquecíveis. Navegar por outros mares é preciso!!!
Não é só o professor que deve se atualizar. A sociedade precisa se conscientizar. Enquanto não houver qualificação e apoio dos responsáveis, não haverá educação de qualidade. Na contemporaneidade, com tanta exposição, poluição visual como disse Ítalo Calvino, será luta em vão.
Professores estão cada vez mais doentes. Cada um sabe o fardo que carrega na vida pessoal. E ainda, em sala de aula, lidar com indisciplina, desacato…., Quanta sobrecarga!!!
Segundo um novo estudo do Instituto de Estudos de Saúde Suplementar (IESS), em 2025, foi “desenhado” um cenário desafiador em sala de aula: altos índices de estresse, ansiedade e depressão. Isso pelo fato de o Brasil enfrentar um recorde de afastamentos de professores, com mais de 150 mil devido a transtornos mentais como depressão e Burnout. A crise de saúde mental na educação, impulsionada por jornadas excessivas e baixa valorização, teve forte impacto, por exemplo, em São Paulo, onde 25 mil professores foram afastados entre janeiro e setembro.
Estatísticas de Afastamentos de Professores em 2025
- Nacional: mais de 150 mil professores afastados por Burnout e Depressão.
- São Paulo (Rede Estadual): mais de 25 mil professores foram afastados entre janeiro e setembro de 2025.
- São Paulo (Rede Municipal): uma pesquisa indicou que cerca de 60% dos professores da rede municipal de São Paulo se afastaram por problemas de saúde nos últimos 12 meses.
- Interior de SP (Regional): cidades como São Carlos e Araraquara registraram 565 licenças médicas por transtornos mentais de janeiro a setembro.
- Tocantins: mais de 1,7 mil profissionais da rede estadual se afastaram por adoecimento mental em 2025.
- Campinas (SP): mais de 3 mil professores afastados por transtornos mentais em 2025.
- Rio de Janeiro (RJ): 25% dos professores licenciados foram por motivos de depressão ou ansiedade. A situação é agravada por assédio e sobrecarga de trabalho.
Principais Causas e Tendências
- Saúde Mental: os transtornos mentais e comportamentais são a principal causa de licenças.
- Diagnósticos Comuns: ansiedade, depressão e estresse, com destaque para a Síndrome de Burnout.
- Fatores de Risco: as causas incluem jornadas de trabalho excessivas, violência escolar, desvalorização profissional, falta de estrutura e grandes números de alunos por sala.
- Cenário de Adoecimento: os dados indicam que o adoecimento é estrutural, com tendência de aumento no número de afastamentos na área da educação.
A partir dos dados apresentados, constatamos que a profissão de professor é uma das mais afetadas por transtornos mentais. No dia 26 de maio de 2025, riscos psicossociais foram incluídos na NR-1, norma que apresenta as diretrizes de saúde no ambiente do trabalho. Após a sua inclusão, o Ministério do Trabalho passa a fiscalizar os riscos psicossociais no processo de gestão de Segurança e Saúde no Trabalho (SST). Isso pode acarretar penalizações, caso sejam identificadas questões como:
- metas excessivas
- jornadas extensas
- ausência de suporte
- assédio moral
- conflitos interpessoais
- falta de autonomia no trabalho
- condições precárias de trabalho
Depois de vivenciar a sala de aula, iniciar mais um ano letivo, ouvir relatos de colegas, cada vez mais ecoa em minha cabeça esta estrofe:
“Como será amanhã?
Responda quem puder
O que irá me acontecer?
O meu destino será como Deus quiser”.
O ano letivo de 2026 mal iniciou e nós, professores, já estamos nos questionando: “O que irá me acontecer?” E, pior ainda, pensar na aposentadoria. A reforma retardou a saída de milhares de professores. E há emocional para suportar até “pagar o pedágio”?
“Como será amanhã” diante de tantos fatores apresentados anteriormente? Com certeza, o problema com relação à evasão escolar não está atrelada apenas ao método adotado por quem ensina. Será que todos utilizam os inadequados por serem ultrapassados?
Cabe ressaltar que os tipos de avaliação são diversos. Segundo a BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular), avaliar não se limita a aplicar provas ou atribuir notas: trata-se de acompanhar o desenvolvimento integral do estudante, identificando avanços, dificuldades e potencialidades. Nesse contexto, há quatro: avaliação diagnóstica, formativa, somativa e autoavaliação. Cada uma possui objetivos e aplicações próprias. Todas têm em comum o compromisso de tornar a aprendizagem mais significativa. Avaliar é preciso!!! Enquanto professora procedo como considero melhor. E, assim, o meu destino será como EU quiser. Abaixo à repressão!!! Viva a liberdade pedagógica!!!
Renata Barcellos
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Natural do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), é pós-doutora em Língua Portuguesa e em Literatura Brasileira pela UFRJ e professora da Educação Básica à Superior. É membro de diversos sodalícios: APALA, ALAP, AJEB RJ, SCLB MA, AMT, AOL, ABRASCI, ABRAMIL, Pen Clube; membro correspondente do Instituto Geográfico de Maranhão, da Academia Maranhense de Letras e da Academia Vianense de Letras. Membro dos grupos de pesquisa GELMA e do Formas e Poética do Contemporâneo – ForPOC (CNPq/ UFMA/ CCEL). Fundadora do Barcellartes. Escreve matérias e entrevistas para o saite Facetubes, para o Jornal Terra da Gente e A voz do Escriba e para revistas como 7 Literário News, LiterArte SP, Revista Sarau e Voo livre.
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